Ebrey, A History of China — Chapter 2: Philosophers and Warring States During the Eastern Zhou Period (770–256 B.C.E.)
On Page 21, find the sentence beginning with the words: "During this period..."
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How did the political structure of the Eastern Zhou period differ from the Western Zhou, and what was the role of the “hegemon” within this evolving multistate system?
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Analyze the transformation of warfare from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period. How did technological, tactical, and organizational innovations alter the scale and societal impact of conflict?
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Discuss the major economic and demographic transformations that occurred during the Eastern Zhou period. How did developments in agriculture, administration, and metallurgy contribute to the decline of serfdom?
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Explain the emergence and significance of the shi class during the Eastern Zhou period. How did the changing political landscape create opportunities for these individuals to influence statecraft?
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What were the foundational principles of Confucius’s ethical and political philosophy, and how did he redefine the concept of the “gentleman” (junzi)?
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Contrast the philosophies of Mozi and Confucius. In what specific ways did Mozi use the concept of utility to challenge Confucian ideas regarding family ties, ritual, and warfare?
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Compare and contrast the interpretations of human nature proposed by Mencius and Xunzi. How did their differing views shape their respective approaches to government and moral development?
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How did Daoist thinkers like Laozi and Zhuangzi respond to the political and moral striving advocated by Confucians? Describe their alternative vision for society and the individual’s role within the natural order.
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Analyze the core tenets of Legalism as articulated by Han Feizi and implemented by the state of Qin. Why did Legalist thinkers argue that Confucian virtue was fundamentally insufficient for governing a state?
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Discuss the evolution of thought regarding the natural world and the spirit realm during the late Zhou period. How did concepts like yin and yang interact with traditional spiritual and magico-religious practices?
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Evaluate the cultural relationship between the central Zhou states and peripheral southern regions like the state of Chu. How did Chu assimilate into the Zhou political sphere while maintaining its distinct cultural and literary identity?