Ebrey, A History of China — Chapter 8: China Among Equals: Song, Liao, Xia, and Jin (907–1279)
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The Founding of the Song and the Peace Treaties: How did the founders of the Song Dynasty resolve the threat of internal warlordism, and what unprecedented diplomatic strategies did they use to manage the Khitan Liao Empire to the north?
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Dual Administration in the Liao Dynasty: Analyze the political and administrative structure of the Khitan Liao Dynasty. How did the Liao utilize a dual system of government to manage both their tribal populations and their sedentary Chinese subjects?
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The Medieval Economic Revolution: What were the primary drivers of the medieval Chinese economic revolution during the Song period, and how did these changes affect the demographic and commercial landscape?
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Maritime Trade and Technology: Evaluate the expansion of international maritime trade during the Song Dynasty. What technological innovations and economic incentives allowed Song Chinese merchants to thrive in the South Seas?
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The Scholar-Official Class and the Examination System: Discuss the evolution and societal impact of the civil service examination system during the Song period. How did the spread of printing affect the composition and culture of the scholar-official elite?
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Factionalism and Wang Anshi’s Reforms: What were the primary goals of Wang Anshi’s "New Policies," and why did they provoke such severe factional strife within the Song bureaucracy?
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The Jurchen Jin and the Fall of the Northern Song: Explain the collapse of the Northern Song and the subsequent rise of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty. How did the Jin adapt to ruling a large Chinese population while asserting their own political authority?
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Hangzhou and the Survival of the Southern Song: Despite the catastrophic loss of northern China to the Jurchens, how did the Southern Song Dynasty manage to survive and thrive economically with its new capital at Hangzhou?
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Neo-Confucianism and Zhu Xi’s Synthesis: Characterize the intellectual movement known as the "Learning of the Way" (Neo-Confucianism). How did Zhu Xi synthesize earlier philosophical ideas to create a comprehensive moral and educational framework?
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Gender Roles, Marriage, and Family Life: How did the economic and social realities of the Song period affect the lives of women, particularly concerning marriage practices, property, and new physical standards of beauty?
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Popular Religion and the Spirit Realm: Describe the religious landscape of ordinary people during the Song Dynasty as documented in works like Hong Mai’s The Record of the Listener. How did commoners conceptualize and interact with the spirit realm?