Ebrey, A History of China — Chapter 18: China in Decline (1800–1900)
On Page 315, find the sentence beginning with the words: "As farms grew..."
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How did rapid population growth contribute to the economic and fiscal problems facing Qing China during the early nineteenth century?
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Why did the opium trade become such a serious crisis for the Qing government, and how did Lin Zexu attempt to solve the problem?
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What were the causes and consequences of the First Opium War, and why was the Treaty of Nanjing considered an unequal treaty?
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How did the Taiping Rebellion begin, and why did it become one of the most destructive rebellions in world history?
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How did Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, and other regional leaders help suppress the Taiping Rebellion, and what long-term effects did their methods have on China?
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Besides the Taiping Rebellion, what other major internal rebellions threatened the Qing Dynasty during the nineteenth century, and what factors contributed to their outbreak?
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What were the causes and outcomes of the Second Opium War, and how did it further weaken Qing sovereignty?
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What goals did Feng Guifen and the Self-Strengthening reformers hope to achieve, and what specific reforms did they advocate?
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Why did the Self-Strengthening Movement achieve only limited success despite significant efforts by reform-minded officials such as Li Hongzhang?
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How did Empress Dowager Cixi shape Qing politics during the late nineteenth century, and what role did she play in balancing reform and conservatism?
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How did foreign imperialism and the loss of tributary states such as Vietnam and Korea demonstrate the declining international position of Qing China?