Vaughn, Doing Ethics — Chapter 1: Ethics and the Examined Life
On Page 3, (opening paragraph of the chapter), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Ethics, then, addresses..."
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According to Vaughn, what is the "powerful question" Socrates formulated, and how does it define the task of ethics?
On Page 3, (paragraph beginning "What is at stake when we do ethics?"), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Through the sifting and weighing..."
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What is at stake when we do ethics, and what do we determine through the "sifting and weighing of moral values"?
On Page 4, (the discussion of the "drawbacks" to the no-questions-asked approach), find the sentence beginning with the words: "First, it undermines..."
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What is the first drawback of accepting moral beliefs without examination, and what must happen before your moral beliefs become "truly yours"?
On Page 4, (the paragraph quoting the philosopher Paul Taylor), find the sentence beginning with the words: "He will feel lost..."
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According to Paul Taylor, what happens to a person who blindly accepts society's morality and then meets people who believe differently?
On Page 5, (Under the "The Ethical Landscape" section), find the sentence beginning with the words: "these branches are logic (the study of correct reasoning)..."
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What are the three other major branches of philosophy besides ethics, and what does each study?
On Page 5, (Under the "The Ethical Landscape" section), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Its approach is known as..."
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What is descriptive ethics, and how does it differ from what moral philosophy does?
On Page 5, (Under the "The Ethical Landscape" section, discussing the three divisions), find the sentence beginning with the words: "The first division is..."
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Define the three major divisions of ethics: normative ethics, metaethics, and applied ethics.
On Page 6, (the paragraph distinguishing instrumental and intrinsic value), find the sentence beginning with the words: "We might say that gasoline..."
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What is the difference between something that is instrumentally valuable and something that is intrinsically valuable?
On Page 7, (Under the "The Universal Perspective" section), find the sentence beginning with the words: "the principle of universalizability—the idea that..."
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What does the principle of universalizability say about a moral judgment that applies in one situation?
On Page 7, (Under the "The Principle of Impartiality" section), find the sentence beginning with the words: "From the moral point of view..."
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State the Principle of Impartiality and explain what one of Vaughn's "outrageous" rules shows about it.
On Page 8, (Under the "The Dominance of Moral Norms" section), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Moral norms seem to stand out..."
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What four types of norms does Vaughn identify, and what does he mean when he says moral norms "dominate"?
On Page 10, (Under the "Religion and Morality" section), find the sentence beginning with the words: "It says that right actions..."
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What does the divine command theory claim, and what dilemma does Socrates raise about it in the Euthyphro?