Vaughn, Doing Ethics — Chapter 2: Subjectivism, Relativism, and Emotivism
On Page 20, (the paragraph beginning "What do you think of this time-honored way of dealing with family conflicts?"), find the sentence with the words: "you implicitly embrace moral objectivism..."
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What does moral objectivism claim about moral truths?
On Page 20, (the paragraph beginning "On the other hand, let us say that you assess the case like this..."), find the sentence with the words: "Cultural relativism is the view that..."
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What does cultural relativism claim makes an action morally right?
On Page 20, (the paragraph beginning "Perhaps you prefer an even narrower view of morality..."), find the sentence with the words: "subjective relativism—the view that..."
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What does subjective relativism claim makes an action right, and how does it differ from cultural relativism?
On Page 21, (the paragraph beginning "What view of morality could be more tempting..."), find the sentence with the words: "There is no such thing as strawberry ice cream..."
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Under subjective relativism, what happens to action X if Ann approves of it but Greg disapproves?
On Page 22, (the paragraph beginning "First, subjective relativism implies that in the rendering of any moral opinion..."), find the sentence with the words: "Each of us is morally infallible..."
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Why does subjective relativism imply that each person is morally infallible, and why is that a problem?
On Page 22, (the paragraph beginning "By all accounts, Adolf Hitler approved of..."), find the sentence with the words: "it seems obvious that what these men did was wrong..."
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What troubling consequence follows from subjective relativism in the cases of Hitler and Pol Pot?
On Page 24, (the paragraph beginning "Here, Stace spells out in rough form the most common argument for cultural relativism..."), find the sentence with the words: "People's judgments about right and wrong differ..."
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What are the three premises of the common argument for cultural relativism?
On Page 25, (the paragraph beginning "Another reason to doubt the truth of Premise 2..."), find the sentence with the words: "But people can differ in their moral judgments..."
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How can two cultures share the same moral principles yet reach different moral judgments?
On Page 26, (the paragraph beginning "We should hope that tolerance does reign in a pluralistic world..."), find the sentence with the words: "To advocate tolerance is to advocate..."
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Why can a cultural relativist not consistently advocate tolerance?
On Page 28, (the paragraph beginning "The commonsense view of moral judgments is that they ascribe moral properties..."), find the sentence with the words: "The opposing view, called noncognitivism..."
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According to cognitivism, what are moral judgments, and can they be true or false?
On Page 28, (the paragraph beginning "The English philosopher A. J. Ayer..."), find the sentence with the words: "It is as if I had written..."
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According to emotivism, what do moral judgments express instead of stating facts?