Vaughn, Doing Ethics — Chapter 7: Virtue Ethics
On p. 150, (the paragraph beginning "Consequentialist moral theories are concerned with the consequences of actions..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Virtue ethics, however, takes a different turn..."
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What central question distinguishes virtue ethics from consequentialist and duty-based theories?
On p. 150, (the paragraph beginning "For Aristotle, every living being has an end toward which it naturally aims..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Aristotle argues that the true goal of humans..."
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What is eudaimonia, and how does virtue relate to achieving it?
On p. 150, (the paragraph beginning "A virtue is a stable disposition to act and feel according to some ideal..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "A virtue is a stable disposition to act and feel..."
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What is Aristotle's definition of a virtue, and what is the difference between intellectual and moral virtues?
On p. 151, (the paragraph beginning "Aristotle's notion of a moral virtue is what he calls the \"Golden Mean\"..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Aristotle's notion of a moral virtue is what he calls the "Golden Mean"..."
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What is Aristotle's concept of the Golden Mean, and how does courage illustrate it?
On p. 151, (the paragraph beginning "Like Aristotle, contemporary virtue ethicists put the emphasis on quality of character..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Like Aristotle, contemporary virtue ethicists put the emphasis on quality of character..."
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How does virtue ethics evaluate a case of lying differently than a duty-based theory would?
On pp. 151-152, (the paragraph beginning "Contemporary virtue ethicists are also Aristotelian in believing that a pure duty-based morality..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Contemporary virtue ethicists are also Aristotelian in believing that..."
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How does virtue ethics differ from Kant's ethics on the role of motives and feelings?
On p. 152, (the paragraph beginning "What guidance can Helen obtain in her strivings toward a moral ideal?..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Like most virtue ethicists, she looks to moral exemplars..."
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What role do moral exemplars play in virtue ethics?
On p. 152, (the paragraph beginning "A case can be made for virtue ethics based on how well it seems to explain..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Some philosophers, for example, claim that..."
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Why do some philosophers think virtue ethics explains moral motivation better than duty-based systems?
On p. 153, (the paragraph beginning "The critics' main contention is that appeals to virtues or virtuous character..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "The critics' main contention is that..."
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What is the circularity problem critics raise against virtue ethics?
On pp. 153-154, (the paragraph beginning "The virtue theorist can respond to these criticisms by asserting that there is actually plenty of moral guidance..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "The virtue theorist can respond to these criticisms by asserting..."
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How does Rosalind Hursthouse's "v-rules" reply address the no-guidance criticism of virtue ethics?
On pp. 154-155, (the paragraph beginning "Another usefulness-related criticism crops up because of apparent conflicts between virtues..."), find the sentence beginning with the words: "Another usefulness-related criticism crops up because of..."
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What is the conflict-of-virtues problem (loyalty vs. honesty), and how do virtue ethicists reply?